Table of contents
Success in the share market comes from combining research and foresight. The share market is on the surge and several companies have turned multi-baggers, delivering returns exceeding even 100%. However, opportunity and risk intertwine in the world of shares.
Let us delve into this exciting world, starting with a basic understanding of ‘what is the share market.’
Understanding the share market
A share represents ownership in a business, as companies divide their ownership into shares. These shares or stocks are then traded on the stock exchanges in the stock market as per the rules and regulations of regulatory bodies in India.
The share market, or the stock market comprises a primary market where companies issue their IPO (initial public offering), and a secondary market, where these shares are traded afterwards.
Recognized stock exchanges, like the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE), play major roles in the Indian share market, offering electronic mechanisms for smooth trading activities in stock markets. Regulatory institution – the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) works in the interest of investors, enforcing rules to ensure market integrity.
You may also like: Diving into FDI: What it means for investors and countries
Building the foundation for share market investing
Define financial goals
Understand your reasons to invest in the stock market and set goals to achieve during a certain timeframe.
Consider your risk tolerance
Before diving into share market investing, one should consider risk tolerance—the ability to endure market fluctuations without making impulsive decisions.
Define your budget
Allocate funds wisely and create an emergency fund. Set a budget for investing that aligns with your financial goals and stability.
Also read: ESOPs: Empowering employees with ownership
Developing your investment strategy
Following are a few approaches to understanding how to invest money in the stock market:
Short-term vs long-term investing
Long-term investors buy shares to retain them for several years or decades. Conversely, short-term investing (trading) entails acquiring and selling shares frequently within shorter periods. While short-term investors have opportunities to make quick profits, they carry a high risk of losses due to market volatility and economic changes.
Value investing
Value investing is a share market investing strategy where individuals invest in undervalued stocks. These are the stocks trading at a price lower than their real value concerning earnings, book value, or cash flow.
Growth investing
Here investors focus on companies and industries experiencing a rapid rise. These companies are generally younger and smaller, experiencing sustained growth in earnings and revenue.
Income investing
Income investing, also referred to as dividend investing, is an approach where individuals design an investment portfolio to meet the primary goal of generating consistent passive income.
Also read: Power your investment portfolio with growth stocks
Understanding investment analysis
Fundamental analysis
Generally used by long-term investors, fundamental analysis involves evaluating an organisation’s financials (balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements) to assess its financial stability.
It also involves analysing various financial metrics, including P/E ratio, P/B ratio, and dividend yields to understand if the stock is priced fairly, overvalued, or undervalued.
Technical analysis
Technical analysis focuses on price patterns and volume data to anticipate price movements. Some technical analysis tools are moving averages and RSI (relative strength index).
Notably, both approaches have their strengths and limitations.
| Fundamental analysis | Technical analysis | |
| Focus | Financial statements, economic indicators for ‘what to buy’ | Price patterns, volume data, market trends for ‘when to buy or sell’ |
| Utilised for | Long-term investments, like value and income investing | Short to medium-term trading |
| Example | P/E ratio | Moving Average |
Risk management strategies
- Diversification
A mix of stocks from different sectors can potentially compensate for losses from one stock with profits in another.
- Asset allocation
Depending on risk appetite, investment objectives, and duration, investors need to determine the ideal distribution of funds among different types of stocks.
- Portfolio management
Investors need to monitor and assess their portfolios regularly. Stay informed about market dynamics and economic trends that can impact your investments.
- Avoiding emotional clouds
Reacting to short-term market fluctuations out of greed or fear can lead to hasty decisions and lost long-term opportunities. One should stick to their investing strategy as per their needs.
- Research
Many investors combine both fundamental and technical analysis to make well-rounded investing decisions in the stock market.
The closing
For a strategic and informed approach, consider the risks associated with stock markets and learn risk management, which will take you a long time in this abundant world.
FAQs
One of the greatest stock investing myths is that you need lots of money. You may invest ₹ 100 in the stock market and build income over time. You can buy one or more shares of stocks trading below ₹100 and hold them for long-term or short-term gains.
Day traders often use the one-percent rule. The rule of thumb is to never trade more than 1% of your money or trading account. If you have ₹10,000 in your trading account, limit your stake in any instrument to ₹100.
These are seven excellent methods to begin investing immediately in India, especially if you are a beginner.
– Stock market investments
– Real estate investments
– Mutual funds and ETFs
– Bonds and fixed-income investments
– High-yield savings accounts
– Peer-to-peer lending
– Investing in precious metals
The typical P/E ratio is in the range of 20 to 25. Price-to-earnings ratios that are lower than that are seen as good, while those that are higher are considered to be worse. However, the average P/E ratio might vary throughout industries.
The process of analysing a company’s fundamentals involves six phases.
– Understand the business.
– Use the financial ratios for the initial review.
– Go over the company’s financial records.
– Research the competitors of the business.
– Analyse the debt of the business.
– Evaluate the opportunities for the company’s future.